REGULATIONS
FOR THE
UNIFORM AND DRESS
OF THE
124th
2009
GENERAL ORDERS,}
WAR DEPARTMENT,
No. 6.
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE,
Written and Compiled By Captain
Part I – General Rules
1. Only natural fibers (cotton, wool etc.) will be worn.
2. Stainless steel is frowned upon, and visible stainless steel (i.e. plate, cup, cutlery, canteen, buttons and buckles) shall be avoided.
3. Modern eyewear is prohibited. Most soldiers did not wear glasses, but period eyewear and contact lenses are both acceptable. If you wear contacts, conceal related items like saline in a pouch or ration bag.
4. Modern wristwatches will not be worn.
5. Plastic bags, coolers and other anachronisms, if used at all, must be keep out of sight at all times.
6. Anything inappropriate for the time period or unit portrayed in a particular scenario must be avoided (i.e. Badges, Medals, etc).
7. Modern medicine should be camouflaged by the use of tobacco pouches or tins. Officers and NCO’s should be informed of any existing medical condition and the location of your medicine
8. All members will conform to the listed standards below. Officers and NCOs have the right to deem any uniform piece unacceptable in appearance or authenticity.
9. The 124th NY will lead by example. This means a positive attitude & the desire to improve our impressions while encouraging others without judgment. We prefer to take the high road.
Part II -Uniforms and Equipment
The following is a list of required and optional items for the 124th NY. Each item has a list of recommended vendors or 'sutlers' that specialize in making that particular item. There is also an average cost listed with each item.
Exercise care when reviewing these materials. Suppliers recommended for one item may not be recommended for others. The current 124th sutler list that accompanies this document should be reviewed and considered for all purchases. Follow the list and consult with veteran members of the group before buying! Because of the significant cost of a complete kit, members are encouraged to purchase goods second hand to completely outfit themselves. Second hand goods are best bought through the authentic campaigner forum (authentic-campaigner.com).
Quartermaster Issued Supplies
Required Uniform
Clothing
-Forage Cap
-Fatigue Blouse/Sack Coat
-Trousers
-Suspenders/Braces
-Issue Shirts or Private Purchase Shirts
-Socks
-Footwear
Forage Cap
Forage Caps were issued to the 124th while at
Army regulations declared that only a company letter was to be worn on the cap. There is photographic evidence that small brass numbers were used by a few enlisted men of the 124th NY. Regimental numbers are permitted, but not encouraged. Corps badges were not worn until the spring of 1863 (Chancellorsville Campaign), and if worn must be the appropriate badge for the year being portrayed.
No other insignia should be worn on the cap. This includes the infantry bugle, Irish harps or any other adornment.
Of all known photos of 124th NY Enlisted men
donning a forage cap, all are wearing a Type II style. Therefore, the preferred styles of forage cap
will be the Type II style. Suggested
contractor reproductions are the; M1861 L.J. &I. Phillips Co. Cap, the Geo.
Hoff & Co., the Murphy & Griswold 1862 Cap, or the M. Brooks style cap. Though there is no evidence that 124th
NY enlisted men wore them, Surgeon John Thompson owned a McDowell style
cap. The original can be viewed at the
Recommended Suppliers:
-Mike Anderson (Available at W. W. & Company and Orchard Hill Sutlery)
-Nick Sekela
-Greg Starbuck (Available at S&S Sutler)
-Dirty Billy
-Brad Keune
Average Cost: $95-$125
Fatigue Blouse
Constructed of dark blue wool flannel with a diagonal weave,
a two or four piece body, and a two-piece sleeve, correct patterns possess a
short collar with faced lapels and cuffs. Sleeves should have a small scalloped
vent in the rear of the cuff. A sack coat is closed with four
Lined sack coats were issued two (3,685,755) to one (1,809,207) for every unlined Sack Coat during the Civil War. Lined versions should have a one-piece body lining of linen, domet (cotton & wool blend), or wool flannel and a sleeve lining of muslin or cotton. The body lining can be of a solid color or a woven pattern. Unlined versions should have all seams flat-felled. Most original coats were issued in four sizes (1=36, 2=38, 3=40, and 4=42).
John T. Martin was a contractor for the union army and
produced sack coats throughout the war in both
Recommended Suppliers:
-W. W. & Company
-Nick Sekela
-CJ Daley Historic Reproductions
-John Wedeward
-The Soldier’s Friend
-C & D Jarnigan
Average Cost: $85-$225
Trousers
Constructed from sky-blue or dark blue kersey wool with a diagonal weave; a thin tapering waist band; a three to five button fly; rear yoke(the area where the waist comes together) with a raised back; side or mule ear pockets that start below the waist-band; right-side watch pocket; and properly vented facing cuffs. Trousers were machine and hand stitched, with the majority of the detail work to be done by hand, especially the buttonholes. Trousers came hemmed, therefore the raw edge should not be exposed.
Of the existing photographs of enlisted men in the 124th NY almost half of them feature soldiers wearing dark blue trousers. Extremely under represented in the ranks of the 124th, members should consider purchasing dark blue trousers.
Preferred patterns are New York Contractor patterns like William Deering and J.T. Martin or the Schuylkill Arsenal of Pennsylvania. Federal trousers were issued in four sizes only (1=32" waist x 31" inseam; 2=34" waist x 32" inseam; 3=36" waist x 33" inseam; 4=38" waist x 34" inseam).
Recommended Suppliers:
-Stony Brook Company (Chris Sullivan)
-W,W & Company
-CJ Daley Historic Reproductions
-Orchard Hill Sutlery
-C & D Jarnigan
Average Cost: $95-$185
Suspenders/Braces
Suspenders though not normally issued by the Army, were
issued to the 124th at
Plain fabric suspenders of a period pattern are best. Both adjustable and fixed length suspenders are acceptable. If adjustable, be sure to avoid suspenders with clamp-like sheet metal fasteners, which were a post-war invention. While elastic saw limited use in suspender during the War, avoid 100% elastic suspenders. You can also use a waist belt or a canteen strap to hold up your trousers. As a side note, military issued trousers only contained one front button on each side of the trousers to button suspenders to. Though many suspenders available today have two tabs to attach suspenders with, those with single attachments should be strongly considered.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Carter and Jasper Mercantile
-S&S Sutler of
-Nick Sekela
-W.W. & Company
-The Soldier’s Friend
Average Cost: $25-$65
Issue Shirts
The issue shirt was the most commonly worn shirt of the war,
and Union casualties at
Most issue shirts were constructed of undyed domet flannel.
The Schuylkill Arsenal contracted with W.F. Hansell of
The issue shirt is extremely underrepresented in the hobby. Members are encouraged to purchase an issue shirt, but they are not a required item.
Recommended Suppliers:
-W. W. & Company
-Nick Sekela
-The Soldier’s Friend
Average Cost: $75-$150
Private Purchase Shirts
Civilian shirts were not issued and were most often sent from home or purchased privately. Pvt. William Tomer of Company D and John Carroll of Co. K are both pictured wearing a civilian shirts under altered sack coats. Civilian shirts should be carried as a backup to the issue shirt.
Civilian shirts came in a variety of styles. Fall down collars were worn as well as banded collars with or without a detachable collar. Shirts came with one, two or no pockets. The tails of period shirts were much longer than modern shirts.
Period shirts were pullovers, and a row of buttons did not extend more than halfway down the front of the shirt. Small china, glass, shell, mother of pearl, bone or wood buttons were used. Plastic or oversize wooden buttons are not proper, and should be replaced with more authentic ones.
Recommended Suppliers:
-The Soldier’s Friend
-C & D Jarnigan
-Carter and Jasper Mercantile
-Nick Sekela
-W,W & Company
-S&S Sutler of
Average Cost: $35-$100
Socks
Socks can be made of wool or cotton. They can be just about any period color or combination of colors (i.e. gray, blue, green and/or black). Modern rag wool hunting/ribbed socks are acceptable when first starting or for parades, but hand-knit wool socks are preferred in the field. Socks should be knit conforming to 1860s patterns, which include narrow ribbing (1” or less) at the top of the sock. High-quality cotton socks made on period machines are also available. Modern cotton and wool socks with elastic cuffs are not acceptable.
Recommended Suppliers:
-S&S Sutler of
-W.W. & Company
-Matt Woodburn or Justin Runyon of the AC forum
-Blockade Runner (Rag Wool)
Average Cost(Wool): $30-$65
Average Cost (Cotton): $9-$15
Footwear
Bootees, or Brogans were made on left and right lasts from waxed, flesh-side (rough-side) out leather. The soles were pegged or sewn using hand and machine stitching. The majority of shoes contracted by the US Government in the East had sewn soles. Heel-plates are optional, but recommended for better wear when walking on hard surfaces. Be advised that heel plates greatly reduce your traction on smooth surfaces. Black leather/rawhide laces are proper to the period. The generic Jefferson Bootee will be the desired pattern of the 124th.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Cedar Creek Supply Depot
-Robert Land
-
-Orchard Hill Sutlery
Average Cost: $90-$145
Optional Uniform
Items
-Drawers
-Great Coat
-Dress Coat/Frock Coat
-
-Kepi
-Dress Hat
-Vests
Drawers
Federal issue drawers were made primarily out of Canton flannel, though wool knit, cotton flannel and wool flannel were also used. Most closed with two tin buttons. There is no known correct pattern for issue knit drawers, but several best estimates exist.
Correct pattern civilian drawers are also available and acceptable. Some drawers of the period were made from colored fabric, but white or natural fabric was the most common. The use of drawers reduces itching and chafing caused by uniform pants.
Recommended Suppliers:
-W.W & Company
-CJ Daley Historic Reproductions
-Nick Sekela
-S&S Sutler of
-The Soldier’s Friend
Average Cost: $35-$75
Dress Coat/Frock Coat
Dress or Frock Coat had a nine-button front, two-button functional cuff, brown or black polished cotton interior, white cotton lining for sleeves, and two small pockets in the skirt that extended mid way between the hip and the knee. They were trimmed with sky blue worsted wool cord or wool welt. They were issued with raw bottoms and they came in the same sizes as the sack coats.
At
Authentic frock coats have always been in scarce supply and high demand. Pattern, cloth and construction of this item are time consuming and expensive endeavors, and an authentic coat can cost anywhere from $300 to $600. Use extreme care when selecting these coats, as many are made with incorrect material and crude workmanship.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Nick Sekela
-S&S Sutler of
-EJ Thomas Mercantile
-C&D Jarnigan
Average Cost: $175-$600
Greatcoats
Constructed of sky-blue kersey with a diagonal weave, overcoats were single-breasted with a five-button front, a six-button cape ending at the elbow and a standing collar. Coats were lined with heavy cotton, jean cloth or wool, with an unfinished bottom and a single button adjustable strap in the back. Sleeves should also be lined with off-white muslin. Coats were issued in the same sizes as the sack coat.
Recommended Suppliers:
-W. W. & Company
-Nick Sekela
-S&S Sutler of
-C&D Jarnagin - makes a good quality greatcoat, though a few adjustments should be made to improve its authenticity.
Average Cost: $325-$425
The New York State Coat was adopted in April 1861, as a replacement for the Frock Coat. It was a short close-fitting shell jacket consisting of a six piece body and tube-style sleeves of dark blue wool. The jackets fastened with eight large ‘Excelsior’ buttons, and most were half-lined in the breast with brown polished cotton stiffened with burlap. Some contractors also added an angled external breast "slash" pocket.
The jacket had a short standing collar fastened with a hook- and-eye and was piped in either light or medium blue cording. The sleeves were double stitched about the cuff and lined with white muslin. Though non- functional, two small ‘Excelsior’ buttons were sewn on the cuff as a purely decorative device. Shoulder straps (to hold the cartridge box sling and other equipment straps secure) were similarly piped, as was a left-side belt keeper. These features were fastened with small ‘Excelsior’ buttons.
Henry Howell purchased one of these coats in the January of 1863 for $5.00. Because the jacket is listed specifically as a New York State Jacket on his invoice, only the eight button front is acceptable in the ranks of the 124th.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Orchard Hill Sutlery (Preferred)
-C. J. Daley
Average Cost: $185-$225
Kepis
There is evidence Kepi's were worn by members of the 124th. Kepi’s feature a bound leather bill and a chin strap, both hand enameled. The crown should sink into the cap and should be significantly shorter than the forage cap. Kepis should be lined in black silk or black polished cotton and feature a quilted top.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Mike Anderson (Available at W. W. & Company and Orchard Hill Sutlery)
-Nick Sekela
-Greg Starbuck (Available at S&S Sutler)
-Dirty Billy – It is recommended that you buy and try on any hat or cap in
person either in his store in
Average Cost: $90-$125
Dress Hat (Hardee
Hat)
Constructed of black fur felt with a 3 1/4" wide brim with a double row of stitching around the edge, a crown 6 1/4" high and a black ribbon 1/2" wide. Inside trimmings were to be of the black japanned leather, three inches deep, sewn to but not through the hat.
The dress hat was not issued to the 124th NYSV in the field, since the forage cap was standard issue. There is no photographic evidence that the hat saw use in the ranks. The dress hat at this time is restricted to the company street and is not allowed at formations.
Recommended Suppliers:
-TP&H Trading - Tim Bender
-Dirty Billy's Hats - It is recommended that you buy and try on any hat or cap in
person either in his store in
Average Cost: $100
Vests
Vests were not issued by the government and were privately procured. The average soldier did not wear one, though some found they provided extra warmth during the cooler months. A variety of fabrics were used on the front of the vest, including many colors of wool or embroidered fabric. Vests commonly had a raised or shawl collar, and closed with a variety of buttons (military cuff buttons, coin buttons or glass). The back of the vest was most often polished cotton or muslin, and the rear tie-straps were secured with a two-pronged metal buckle.
Recommended Suppliers:
-CJ Daley Historic Reproductions - Military Style
-Corner Clothiers - Civilian Style
-Nick Sekela
Average Cost: $75-$125
Required Accoutrements
-Model 1858 “Smooth-side” Canteen
-Haversack
-Issue Blanket
-Rubber Blanket/Ground Cloth
-Knapsack
-Shelter half
Model 1858 or M1862 “Smooth-Side”
Canteen
The M1858 “Smooth-Side” canteen is the preferred style for the 124th NY. Originally, the 124th NYSV was supplied with canteens from the New York Depot. New York Depot Canteens were made with two smooth halves soldered together on fixed seam. The M1858 featured a 5/8” brown russet leather sling that closed with a japanned tin buckle. The cork attached to the canteen by means of a stamped steel chain. By 1862 the government contractors were producing canteens with cotton or linen slings because of their inexpensive cost. Also, cotton cord replaced the steel chain attaching the stopper. A M1862 canteen should contain a machine sewn, ¾-1” cotton/linen sling and a stopper attached with cotton chord or natural fiber string.
Both model canteens had a pewter spout and cork stopper, and were covered with kersey, jean cloth, or blanket material. These coverings were most often brown or gray, with a smattering of dark blue covers produced in early 1861. Brown wool or grey jean cloth is preferred.
Original canteens were made from hot-dipped tin. If properly drained and air-dried after each event a tin canteen will not rust. Some members use stainless steel canteens, but the stainless steel canteen must be concealed with a proper wool cover to hide this anachronism. As well, stainless steel canteens are heavier and hold less water than the authentic versions.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Blockade Runner
-E.J. Thomas Mercantile
-Orchard Hill Sutlery
-S&S Sutler of
Average Cost: $40-$85
Haversacks
Federal haversacks were machine-sewn with flat-felled seams and painted black with a linseed oil-based paint that slightly seeps through the cloth. A removable cotton or linen inner bag with two or three hand-sewn buttonholes is included to keep foods separate and allow limited washing of the inside of the bag. The haversack should have a sewn black leather strap secured with a japanned metal (black lacquer) roller buckle to close its main flap.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Haversack Depot
-E.J. Thomas Mercantile
-S&S Sutler of
Average Cost: $55-$75
Issue Blanket
Federal blankets weighed just under 6 lbs and were
constructed of heavy woven wool cloth with unhemmed edges. Blankets had two
broad dark stripes near each end running parallel to the short sides of the
blanket. Federal blankets have been incorrectly divided into “Emergency Issue”
and “Standard Issue” based on color. The term Emergency Issue refers to
blankets procured in the early months of the War that came in variety of sizes,
colors and quality. After this emergency period, regulation blankets were
issued in brown, gray, and a variety of shades in between. Most blankets had
bits of shoddy (remnant wool of various colors) woven into the fabric. The
initials "
Recommended Suppliers:
-
-S&S Sutler of
-Waterside Woolen Mills (Keagey Noble Blanket)
-Nick Sekela
Average Cost: $95-$155
Rubberized Blanket/Poncho
Though the 124th was never issued rubberized blankets, or ground cloths on a regimental level, certain companies did have small issues of rubber blankets. They were also available for sale by sutlers and were in great demand by the troops. Both William and Henry Howell wrote home constantly requesting their parents to send them a rubberized blanket. The ground cloth was made of vulcanized rubber cloth with small brass grommets approximately 5/8" in diameter along the outer edges. Large grommets and shiny vinyl finishes should be avoided. While the poncho was exclusively distributed to the cavalry during the early war, by 1864 the poncho was issued to all troops. Though the rubberized blanket is preferred, either is permitted
Recommended Suppliers:
-Nick Sekela
-C&D Jarnagin
-E.J. Thomas Mercantile
Average Cost: $75-$100
Painted Ground Cloths
An alternative to the rubberized blanket is a painted ground cloth. Made mainly for civilian use prior to the war, government contactors soon began producing them for military use. Measuring roughly the dimensions of a blanket, 74”x 48”, ground cloths were painted with a combination of linseed oil and mineral spirits; the same mixture used to waterproof knapsacks and haversacks. They should contain eight small 5/8” grommets.
Recommended Supplier:
-124th Member Jim Meaney
Average Cost: $25-$65
Knapsacks
The 1855 double bag knapsack was a standard Federal item. Knapsacks were constructed of linen or cotton canvas painted with a linseed oil-based paint to waterproof them. They were relatively small, with the main bag being closed with four flaps and two buckles and the other "envelope-type" bag being closed with two rawhide or cloth tape ties. Straps should be short and made with black medium weight leather. All cloth parts should be painted with black boiled linseed oil based paint. When knapsack becomes worn it may be retouched with a 50/50 mixture of black oil based paint and boiled linseed oil.
Recommended Suppliers:
-
-Nick Sekela
-C&D Jarnagin
Average Cost: $125-$200
Shelter half
The average soldier carried one shelter half, regardless of rank or special circumstances. This half should be of a known Civil War pattern, such as H. S. McComb of Wilmington, DE, Joseph Lee of NY, NY, or J.T. Martin. They should consist of two or three panels, contain bone(all periods) or tin(late war) buttons, have hand-sewn buttonholes and hand-sewn grommets. Shelter halves were buttoned together to form a two-man shelter tent during inclement weather. In clear weather they were used as an extra top blanket or used as a sun screen.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Haversack Depot
-S&S Sutler of
-Blockade Runner
-The Soldier’s Friend
Average Cost: $59-$95
Ordnance Supplies
Leather Accouterments
-Model 1861 .58 cal Cartridge Box
-Cartridge Box Sling
-Model 1839 Waist Belt
-Cap Box
-Bayonet Scabbard
As a general rule, leathers were constructed of smooth-side out leather of sturdy quality with tight stitching sewn with pitch covered flax thread. While leathers should be somewhat shiny, high-gloss patent leather should be avoided.
Contractor marks on leathers are optional. If you chose to
have them, C.S. Storms is one recommended maker mark. The C.S. Storms factory
was located near the South Street Seaport in NYC and the factory produced many
equipment sets for the Federal Army. In May 1862 Storms contracted for 4,000 sets
of infantry equipments, and had a further contract for 15,000 .58 cal. He also
had a NY state contract on
Source: American Military Goods Dealers and Makers
1785-1915" by Bazelon and McGuinn
Duvall Leather Works offers possibly the most accurately recreated leather accoutrements on the market. He offers a complete set of Federal accoutrements for $390
Model 1861 .69 cal
Cartridge Box
On
Being that the 124th received their cartridge directly
from the NY Military Depot, contract markings should be limited to
Recommended Suppliers:
-Duvall Custom Leatherwork
-E.J. Thomas Mercantile
-C&D Jarnagin
-S&S Sutler of
Average Cost: $150-$225
Cartridge Box Sling
The standard black waxed leather sling is required. The sling may be stamped with maker’s marks if desired (i.e. C.S. Storms, Sproulls Meeker & Co.). The cartridge box sling should contain an “Eagle” breast plate and should be attached by punching two holes in the sling and securing the plate with a piece of leather shoelace.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Duvall Custom Leatherwork
-E.J. Thomas Mercantile
-Dell's Leather Works
-C&D Jarnagin
-S&S Sutler of
Average Cost: $35
Model 1851 Waist Belt
Regulations specified that the waist belt should be
constructed of bridle or waxed flesh leather, 1 7/8” to 2" wide and
42" in length from buckle to keeper. Belts up until the end of 1863 were
issued with a leather keeper and contained a belt plate with “puppy dog”
fasteners. During the last two years of
the Civil War, The Model 1864 waist belt was issued. These had a brass keeper
on one end and were worn with a
Average Cost: $50-$65
Recommended Suppliers:
-Duvall Custom Leatherwork
-E.J. Thomas Mercantile
-Dell's Leather Works
-C&D Jarnagin
-S&S Sutler of
Cap Boxes
The
Recommended Suppliers:
-Duvall Custom Leatherwork
-E.J. Thomas Mercantile
-Dell's Leather Works
-C&D Jarnagin
-S&S Sutler of
Average Cost: $65
Bayonet Scabbards
The two- rivet bayonet scabbard for the Model 1855 bayonet is preferred. This bayonet scabbard is constructed out of smooth-side out leather, with hand-stitching and secured with two rivets. The seven-rivet scabbard is also appropriate, it contains all the same features but is secured by seven-rivets instead of two
Recommended Suppliers:
-Duvall Custom Leatherwork
-E.J. Thomas Mercantile
-C&D Jarnagin
-S&S Sutler of
Average Cost: $65-$95
Weapons and Accessories
An appropriate weapon is the single largest expense a reenactor will make for their chosen impression. A new reproduction musket and bayonet with appropriate modifications or defarbing will cost over $800. Original muskets and bayonets are still available and can cost anywhere from $1200 to over $5000. The information provided in this section is meant to be a guide. New members should take considerable time to do their own research, ask questions and talk to veterans before they make any musket or bayonet purchase.
Model 1853 Enfield,
.577 caliber Rifled-Musket
The Model 1853
Recommended Suppliers:
-Loyalist Arms
-John Zimmerman (defarbed)
-Regimental Quartermaster
Average Cost: $500-$700
Model 1861
The Model 1861 US Percussion Musket or “
The Model 1861 US Percussion Musket was contracted
for production specifically with the Springfield Arsenal in
Recommended Suppliers:
-The Blockade Runner (defarbed)
-Loyalist Arms
-John Zimmerman (defarbed)
-Regimental Quartermaster
Average Cost: $400-$600
Average Cost Defarbed: $550-$800
Model 1855 Bayonet
The Model 1853
It is best to purchase your bayonet with your musket to ensure they match and fit. Original bayonets can be purchased for a price slightly higher than reproductions. Originals are made of better quality steel and can be found in very good condition.
Recommended Suppliers:
-The Horse Soldier - Original Bayonets
-College Hill Arsenal - Original Bayonets
-John Zimmerman - Reproduction Bayonets
-Regimental Quartermaster - Reproduction Bayonets
Average Cost - Reproduction: $40
Average Cost – Original: $125
Defarbing your musket
and bayonet
Reproduction muskets and bayonets come with a variety of modern markings on them and are often have anachronistic errors due to their modern manufacture. Fortunately there are a number of companies that will correct or remove these anachronisms and put period appropriate markings on a them. This process is called "Defarbing" and often requires a skilled and knowledgeable gunsmith. John Zimmerman can defarb both muskets and bayonets and can apply the proper markings. You can also purchase defarbed muskets and bayonets directly from John Zimmerman. As a general rule, the following guide should be used when having your musket defarbed.
- All Modern markings removed
- Lock plate reading “Tower” over top of the date, either 1860-1862
- 1860's proof marks added to barrel (Provisional, gauge mark, view mark & definitive proof).
- Modern serial number moved and placed under the barrel
- Ramrod stamped with maker
- Stock Striped, Shaved, oiled with linseed oil, and stamped with appropriate makers mark
- Modern hot bluing stripped and replaced with cold bluing(James Haggerty of Co. E’s musket is clearly blued in his photo)
- Tip weld added to Barrel Band Screws
- Replace round-eared screw escutcheons with square-eared ones
- Replace Rounded lockplate screws with flat one.
- Correct sling loops installed
- All Modern markings removed
- Lock plate marked with Springfield Arsenal Stamp, spread eagle, and dated 1861-63
- Government proof marks( “V” over “P”, and the eagles head), inspectors stamps, and date added to barrel
- Modern serial number moved and placed under the barrel
- Stock Striped, Shaved, oiled with linseed oil, and stamped with appropriate makers mark & inspectors mark
*The
Bayonet – US Model 1855 Bayonet
- Remove all modern markings. Stamp Flat of the blade with “U·S”. A dot should appear between the U and S.
Musket Cleaning Kit
Black powder weapons leave a heavy reside when fired, and require immediate cleaning to prevent corrosion. Period implements (musket worm/wiper) should be used in the field, while modern implements (cleaning rod, cleaning jag, brass brush and bore scrapper) should be used once the event is over. As a minimum, each Soldier should have a nipple wrench and worm/wiper, and cleaning patches in his cartridge box; and a nipple pick in his cap pouch. Each Soldier should also carry some oil in an appropriate container, either olive oil or mineral oil are period correct. Emery cloth or a mixture of fire pit ash and vinegar should be used for light rust removal.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Regimental Quartermaster
-S&S Firearms (original parts)
-S&S Sutler of
-Reprints of the original Army manuals for the care and cleaning of muskets are available from Sullivan Press
Cartridges
Federal issue cartridges were made of white or brown paper and were enclosed at the end with a piece of linen thread. Cartridge paper was either unbleached or light brown and resembled modern day masking paper in weight. Since Civil War paper was acid-free and do not discolor over time, existing original cartridges are good indicators of how original cartridges appeared. Once rolled, cartridges were packed at the arsenals into bundles of ten, wrapped with coated paper to make them water-resistant and bound with string. An eleventh paper tube containing twelve caps was included in each bundle. Since most of us lack the time to hand roll cartridges per the originals (much less bundle them), a good deal of latitude exists in this area. While instructions for assembling cartridges are located on the web, most members find pre-rolled cartridge tubes to be the best option. Cartridge bottoms should be either folded or tied. For safety reasons, tubes shall never be closed with tape or staples.
.58 cal rounds will contain no more than 70 grains of black powder. No Pyrodex or smokeless powder should be used. Cartridges shall not be carried loose in the cartridge box – proper tins are required.
Recommended supplier
-124th
Member
Average Cost: $7 per package of 10 rolled rounds
$10 – Per package of 40 tubes with tied bottoms
$14 – Per Package of 100 tubes with folded
Percussion Caps
The Period rifled muskets used a percussion cap ignition system. Percussion caps are small formed brass tubs, lined with fulminate of mercury. When placed over the cone or nipple of a musket and struck by the hammer, a short, hot flame was produced capable of setting off a powder charge. An eleventh cartridge tube with twelve caps was included in each package of 10 Cartridges.
Most caps are made of brass and have four wings around the cap. Enough caps should be brought to both fire rounds and clear the barrel during safety inspections.
Caps are available through the 124th NY. Member Bob Slaughter is in charge of the distribution of Caps and Black Powder.
Average Cost: $7 per 100
Food and Cooking Items
Food preparation by the soldier varied depending on the circumstances he found himself in. While in stationary camp he had the luxury of company cooks and a variety of cook pots and utensils. While on the march each soldier was responsible for carrying his own cookware or his part of his mess’s cookware, and he lightened his load considerably. Members should acquire personal cooking items, since heavier equipment is the concern of the quartermaster.
-Canteen half/ Mess plate
-Utensils
-Cup/Dipper
-Boiler
-Frying Pan
-Hardtack
-Salt Pork
-Coffee
Canteen Half / Mess
Plate
Original soldiers were issued a tin plate for their meals that saw service in a variety of functions. The 124th NY was issued a stamped tin plate upon enlistment and appeared to have held on to them. Pvt. Henry Howell writes in his diary on May 3rd that the ball that struck him, slightly wounding him “had a tin plate to pass through”. Many soldiers, however, found the plate cumbersome, and used a canteen half as a plate instead. Canteen halves were versatile and could be used as a plate, a frying pan, or a cover to a coffee boiler. The plate or canteen half was carried in the haversack or knapsack. It is improper to carry the canteen half strapped to your canteen.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Wendy Osman
-Village Tinsmith
-Most Sutlers carry correct canteen halves
Utensils
A variety of utensils were available to the
Recommended Suppliers:
-Available at most sutlers – ornate utensils are discouraged.
Cup/Dipper
Soldiers were issued a large tin cup also known as a ‘dipper’. These were used to drink water, prepare coffee, etc. Cups came in a variety of width and heights, and nearly any size is acceptable. Some find a smaller cup easier to store in the haversack, while others prefer the carrying capacity of a larger cup. John E. Kidd of company D carried a cup comparable to the large 20oz cups available today. Capt. McIntyre has pictures of the cup if you’re interested.
Cups should feel sturdy and feature a handle that is wired to the top of the cup and riveted and soldered to the side of the cup. The handle and lip of the cup should feature rolled edges and the bottom of the cup should be smooth. Cups with bottoms that look like modern cans are unacceptable.
Recommended Suppliers:
-
-Orchard Hill Sutlery
-Village Tinsmith
-Otter Creek Tinware
Boiler
Soldiers who wanted a vessel larger than their tin cups often took a tin can and added a piece of bailing wire as a handle. These boilers are much easier to work with and preferred by some members.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Otter Creek Tinware
-Village Tinsmith
-
Frying Pan
Frying pans were useful items for cooking the meat ration. Some soldiers used a canteen half and a stick, while others would pool their money and purchase a sheet metal frying pan to be used by three or four of them. Cast iron is too heavy, so stick with a sheet metal pan. These can often be found at antique stores or at certain sutlers.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Village Tinsmith
Hardtack
Hardtack crackers were one of the primary staples issued as rations to the Union Army. Flour (cracker meal) and water were mixed together, formed into squares and baked until all water was removed from the bread. A soldier was issued 10 crackers a day when on campaign.
Make Your Own Using
the Following Recipe:
Yields 10-12 - 3”x 3” Crackers
3 c. All Purpose Flour
1c. Cake/Pastry Flour
1 tsp. Kosher Salt
1-2 c. Water (or enough to form dough)
The ratio of all purpose flour to cake flour will provide you with a more accurate consistency to the “cracker” flour government bake houses used during the period. Combine Flour in a mixing bowl. Add salt to 1 cup of water and dissolve. Add water to the flour mixing by hand. Continue to add water just until the dough comes together. The dough should not be sticky. Roll out with a rolling pin to ½” Diameter. Cut into 3”x 3” squares. Assemble on a baking sheet. Before going into the oven take a chopstick and make 4 vertical rows of 4 equally spaced horizontal dots in the top of the cracker. Bake on the middle rack in a 375 degree oven for 45mins-1 hour, or until the crackers are stiff and very lightly browned. Turn off the oven and allow the crackers to sit in the oven until it is completely cooled. Package the crackers in a poke sack or breathable container. If stored in plastic the crackers will mold if there is any moisture left in them.
Recommended Suppliers:
-G. H. Bent & Co
Average Cost: $10
Salt Pork
Salt Pork or Salt Junk as the soldiers called it, was one of
the primary meats issued as rations to the Union Army. It consisted of cuts of
pork cured and shipped in a brine solution. It is not available commercially in
this day and age. Luckily some brave
members have taken it upon themselves to learn the process of recreating salt
pork. See Jim Meaney or
A common substitute used by reenactors is dry cured bacon. It keeps well during a weekend and is equally acceptable for frying at breakfast or boiling for dinner. You will not be able to find it at many grocery stores; however there are many suppliers via the internet that are available.
Recommended Suppliers:
-Scotts Country Hams – Slab Bacon
-124th Member Jim Meaney – Salt Pork
Coffee
Coffee was the third staple issued as a ration to the Union Army. Soldiers revered and coveted their coffee ration above all others for its qualities to revive their spirit and warm their bones. It was issued as raw beans, roasted beans and ground. One variety today that uses the same processes as in the past is Eight O'clock Coffee that is available at most grocery stores as whole roasted beans or ground. Modern coffee is often ground much finer than period coffee would have been. It is best to grind your own beans either in a period hand grinder or coarsely in a modern grinder.
Personal Items
Personal items should be purchased with an eye for authenticity and are best purchased with the guidance of a more experienced member. Categories of items are as follows.
Hygiene: toothbrush (bone/wood with natural bristles), comb (bone, wood, or vulcanized rubber), shaving equipment (Strait Razor with bone or vulcanized rubber handle), hand mirror (small and unadorned), soap container (small sewn pouch), handkerchiefs and hand towel (plain fabric, huck towel material works great!), talcum powder (in a small tin or pouch) is suggested to prevent chafing.
Uniform care: Housewives (small roll-up kits with needles, thread, and buttons were very common)
Wallets: of the period were either fancy leather billfolds or simple cloth pouches that closed with a button. Either is acceptable. Dell’s Leather Works is a good source for leather wallets. Ask Capt. McIntyre for your monthly pay.
Illumination: Candles and matches were issued in camp, but seldom used or need in the field. Between campfires and moonlight, most people could get around without a light source. Heavy wooden lanterns were only used in permanent camp, though a few metal lanterns saw limited service. Lanterns should be avoided in the company street.
Correspondence: Soldiers often carried writing implements,
envelopes, paper, stamps and even diaries.
Period newspapers are another excellent item to have in your knapsack. Excellent reproductions are available from
Watches: Civil War era watches were key wound and relatively expensive. It would be rare for a private to wear one in camp, much less the field. If carried, watch chains should conform to period styles. The only known photo of a 124th enlisted man with a pocket watch is of Oscar Weymar of Co. D an 1864 enlistee.
Tobacco: Tobacco use was generally limited to pipes or cigars. Cigarettes were a novelty and typically smoked only by high society gentlemen and women. If you do smoke cigarettes, keep them concealed. Corn cob pipes are not period correct and are unacceptable.
The 124th NYSV Sutler List
Below are the approved vendors for the 124th NY. In addition to the list below, the 124th fully approves all goods made by the approved vendors of the Authentic Campaigner Website
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Brad Keune
1-860-872-4022
Brad Keune specializes in union forage caps. His hats are excellent quality and it is usually a short wait to get one.
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931-389-6294
An excellent source of canteens, rag wool socks, and defarbed muskets
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Carter and Jasper Mercantile/The Rambling Irishman
615-417-9189
Justin Morris owns both sutleries, both are an excellent source for shirts, accoutrements, and other haversack stuffer
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(662) 287-4977
Jarnigan has always been a quality supplier of the 124th. Expect to pay a bit more at Jarnigan and be ready for a wait. They have a reputation for taking their time. My advice to you is; if it’s not it stock then go somewhere else.
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1-315-343-1557
Chris Sullivan makes some of the finest reproduction trousers on the market. He is reasonably priced. He produces two different patterns of trousers in both museum and commercial grades. For about $10 more than most sutlers you can buy a much nicer, more authentic pair of trousers
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1-301-766-7112
C. J. Daley offer’s a wide array of items. He is currently offering his products on an In-Stock Only basis.
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Purveyors of civil war relics, great source for original bayonets
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1-845-339-4916
An excellent provider of leather goods, especially canteen and musket slings
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1-717-334-3200
Dirty Billy is a great source for civilian as well as
military hats. It is best to buy from him either at an event or in his retail
store in
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(608) 755-9544
Very inexpensive tinware, a great source for cups and boilers
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(215) 500-1979
Excellent source for uniforms and accoutrements
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Still making the same hardtack they did 145 year ago!
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One of the finest makers of hats on the market today
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1-830-620-5192
Makers of excellent tents, tent poles, tent pegs, and haversacks. Reasonably priced
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608-873-8503
Makes the finest sack coat in production today
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1-304-535-2558
One of the finest Gunsmiths in the market today. His muskets are made to the highest authenticity. He also offers cheap de-farbing for those of you who opt to buy your muskets elsewhere.
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1 (902) 479-0967
A Canadian company that specializes in historic weaponry
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Mickey Black
6378 US 601
Mail Mickey $9 and you’ll get an excellent pair of period style cotton socks. His socks are hand loomed.
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1-417-451-6100
One of the best makers of authentic footwear. They also
specialize in tarred accoutrements. This is one of the few sutlers that make’s
the
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One of the best sutlers on the market today. His products show and incredible attention to detail and historical accuracy.
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1-518-875-9981
Orchard Hill is a large composite of micro-sutlers that hone in on specific goods. They are a great source for hardcore, progressive, and mainstream items.
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(215) 672 6891
The regimental quartermaster provides a large array of good quality reproductions. They are beginning to cater to both the campaign reenactor as well as the mainstream reenactor. They are reasonably priced.
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Robert Land makes the finest shoes and boots on the market today. Take into account that there may be a wait involved in purchasing shoes from him.
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1-718-497-1100
A Supplier of original parts for various civil war era muskets
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1-717-338-1990
An excellent source of everyday soldier’s items as well as uniforms and accoutraments
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1-800-318-1353
Excellent source of dried meats and slab bacon
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124th Member Scott Schrimpe
845-820-8239
Scott has been a member of the 124th for over a year. In that time he has become well antiquated with the proper construction of the enlisted man’s uniform.
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1-610-2-0327
Tim Bender is one of the finest maker of civilian and military style hats.
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1-336-468-1190
One of the finest resources for tin ware. Very reasonably priced
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(612) 823-4009
A good supplier of insignia as well as tin plates and canteen halves
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517-303-3609
An excellent supplier of uniforms and goods. They are also and excellent place to purchase correct fabric.